Analysis of frame reinforced part

The top bar, for track drivers installed it behoove, streets running user also has many people choose to install the top bar. At the engine compartment, the connection installed around the " stick" is the top. Hobby stock car people will know the purpose of mounting the top bar, but don't know the top bar effect also there are plenty of people who. So, let us together through explanation and test to confirm the top bar effect.

When a car is running, will be ground to an external force, the car experience and correspondingly generate bending ( bending degree of distortion is very small, but the eyes do not see. ). You must have heard of " rigid body " this word, the higher the car body rigidity bending degree will be smaller.
Then, the distortion will have any effect? Body somewhat distorted descriptions of body absorbed from the ground to the impact, which in turn comfort and improve related. But the body bending will put to the ground force can also be absorbed, it will cause a cornering performance and traction performance degradation. But, to the driver, can be difficult to grasp the degree of twist body, especially in sports travel, due to distortions can also cause the car runs instability. In this way, it is very difficult to follow the driver's intention to travel, to the driver control of inconvenience.
So in order to enjoy the movement driving, we must enhance the rigid body. While the top bar installation is more convenient than, but very effective.
Fixed suspension top it suffered from the ground into the force, so that the " steering" front body for controlling effects become more. Cost priority auto manufacturers in order to improve driveability are used to install the top bar method. The top bar can be made so great effect can be enhanced, body parts.

Four-wheel drive technology of the Audi Quattro articles

"Rally to see the four-wheel drive, four-wheel drive to see Quattro" I believe that this is a new way of thinking of the left from the early eighties, Audi With this set, then in the Rally arena can be described as invincible, so many Rally fans obsessionand pay homage to the Quattro system in the end why so magical?

Figure: 1980 Audi Quattro, can be regarded as the first stage this set of four-wheel drive system. Its use is the first generation Quattro system.
To learn Quattro, you must first understand its core components: Torsen differential. As shown above, the hollow shaft and differential housing 3 through spline first company, composed of three pairs of worm gear Vice worm 5,9 and 3 worm gear 8. Two spur gears at both ends of each worm gear, through the middle of the worm shaft 7 installed in series with the differential housing. Worm gear meshing with the front and rear axle worm meshed with each other through the spur gear front axle worm and the front differential gear shaft 1, 4 each integral the rear axle worm and differential gear shaft. If you want an analogy with ordinary differential Torsen differential, the worm equivalent of the side gears, worm shaft is equivalent to a planetary gear shaft, equivalent spur gear planetary gear.

Differential gear shaft before power goes to the front axle, the differential gear shaft power transmission subsequent bridge, in order to achieve the front and rear drive traction role. The Torsen differential work process can be divided into the following three conditions:
① When the car is traveling straight on a dry pavement with good adhesion coefficient, since the the two worm shaft speed is the same, and therefore between the worm and worm-free relative rotation of the differential housing with two worm shafts are rotated synchronously around the worm screw axis, torque distributed evenly between the front and rear axles.
② if the vehicle on slippery roads, the operations such as turning or accelerating, in this case, if the front wheel speed is faster, the front axle worm driven engagement therewith a worm wheel is rotated simultaneously worm spur gear driven engagement therewith after the shaft worm spur gear reverse rotation. Spur gear by the torque of the internal friction due to the worm gear pair transmission inverse efficiency is very low, corresponding to the rear axle worm block, thereby limiting the increase in speed of the rear wheels to achieve a differential action (only in the two-shaft speed Poor little difference to differential).
③ If the car in bad road slip, for example, the front wheel idling case ② similar, but this time around the shaft worm speed difference is too large by a great deal of internal friction torque, making the rear axle worm spur gear also limits the front axle worm straight spur gears rotate, all the torque distribution to the rear axle worm, the equivalent differential locked, can not afford the differential action.
In fact, Audi is only used in the shaft between the Torsen differential, front and rear axle differentials are ordinary differential. Then the reader will ask slip slip available to the Torsen differential between the axis between the shafts, wheel slip Torsen differential is not useless this? Do not worry, Audi specifically for this problem is designed EDL (electronically controlled differential lock), wheel spin, EDL its braking torque output reached the other side of the little wheel. Longitudinal engine layout installed Torsen differential transmission line layout is simple and the weight concentrated in the axis better maneuverability Torsen differential is mounted in a longitudinal engine models. No two sharp needles, an increase of certain vehicle weight, high manufacturing costs, is too sensitive to the slipping wheel makes driving fun little flaws are Quattro certain loss.  

The transmission structure Xiangjie metal belt CVT

Common types of transmission in a modern car, in accordance with the internal structure, it can probably be divided into two step stepless stage two in the previous two articles have detailed, thenNext said VAS 5054A stepless transmission. The so-called stepless transmission refers to the transmission does not have a fixed gear, the transmission ratio is continuously changing. Most common stepless transmission number CVT device (VDT-CVT), this transmission in domestic models equipped with time is not long, but it is not a new product, because it is as early as 1490, in the imagination of Leonardo da Vinci painting, CVT patent application in 1889. Netherlands VDT (Van Doorne's Transmissionb.V) until the late 1970s developed the first car with CVT, and this CVT called VDT-CVT. 1987 Subaru first time this VDT-CVT transmission equipment in their Justy models. Until 2005, the Netherlands VDT has cumulative production of more than 10 million sets of VDT-CVT transmission, and it's equipped models are also more and more, like the previous generation wide of the Fit (GD), Fiat Palio, Chery Cowin, Nissan Teana, Lanse and so can already optional VDT-CVT transmission version. Then the following describes the structure and principle of this transmission.

Figure: This is a composite metal belt CVT, visible in addition to the metal band and work round prior to the input shaft of a set of planetary gears.

Figure: Bosch (BOSCH) launched the transmission metal band, sandwiched by a metal ring belt composed

FIG: using a metal ring to protect the belt allows the belt to avoid the belt is damaged by friction during operation.

Let us talk about the structure of the CVT transmission. CVT is, we often say that the CVT transmission the stepped transmission said its internal structure with the previous two is completely different, not only is the internal structure, and even the transmission drive components are not the same. Before have introduced two-stage transmission gear, but they are using gears to achieve the transfer of power metal belt CVT V-shaped active job rotation through the surface of the metal strip, V-driven wheel to power transmission. Active working wheel mounted on the input shaft above after gaining momentum, it will lead to rotation of the metal strip, while the other end of the metal band is connected to the driven wheel, the driven wheel is connected to the output shaft, so power will be passed in this way to the output shaft, and then through Beano other components of the power transmitted to the wheels.

  

China FAW Hongqi BorgWarner wet dual clutch technology

Berg Warner joint transmission system ( BWUTS ) is a by Berg Warner ( BorgWarner ) and 12 leading Chinese carmakers in Dalian China to set up joint ventures, including Berg Warner ( BorgWarner ) accounts for the main company; the company has now become China's FAW ( FAW ) suppliers, for its new seven speed double clutch transmission ( DCT ) provides the integrated type torsional vibration damper of DualTronic ®control module and a clutch module. The dual clutch transmission ( DCT ) is expected for China FAW ( FAW ) flagship luxury car and at the end of 2013 debut, this will be China launched the first rear wheel drive dual clutch transmission ( DCT ). The other two programs are being developed, mainly for the 2014 and 2015 production. In all three transmission plans to start, the total annual sales volume is expected to more than 500000 taiwan. Berg Warner ( BorgWarner ) DualTronic ®clutch and control module with improved electromagnet and a new friction materials and the latest clutch assembly design, designed to provide superior to previous wet and dry clutch system for better fuel economy and torque transmission.
"China's domestic automatic transmission requirements of growing. Berg Warner ( BorgWarner ) dual clutch transmission technology for the Chinese automotive manufacturer provides a quick access to the market and cost-effective most advanced wet double clutch transmission ( DCT ) automatic transmission solution, " Berg Warner transmission system ( BorgWarner Transmission Systems ) is the president and general manager Robin Kendrick ( Robin Kendrick ) said, " in Asia and Europe the main growth market car manufacturer of dual clutch transmission of interest is strong. Berg Warner ( BorgWarner ) is the dual clutch transmission ( DCT ) market sales from 2011 2600000 up to 2017 8700000. "

TEC 的 彻底 进化: HONDA Avtec 系统

See the diagram of the questions, If I believe that the vast majority of readers will not conceal his inner excitement, Autocom cdp pro "Advanced VTEC" the words of the cover that red ornaments from the engine, they will know that it is the latest evolution of the VTEC system works. VTEC system since its introduction in 1989, has gone through the past two decades has seen its best days, early from the most complete performance DOHC VTEC, and then later in order to improve the fuel economy of the VTEC-E, and the first time in K20A variable valve timing system VTC aids as the i-VTEC system several upgrades, today, Honda improve their VTEC, but before this time is different, the big change completely beyond merely adding a "Advanced "so simple an English.

AVTEC system, changes can be regarded as its make changes valve lift device. In the past, in order to change the valve lift at different speeds, Honda engineers are arranged on each valve camshaft three cam do with ordinary camshaft layout, the three level and open the overlap angle different cam are responsible with low rpm and high rpm valve opening depth between the cam and the valve at the same time adding a rocker switch what group of rocker oil pressure change reaches the switching speed of the instant, the original can be independent the activities of the two groups rocker tied to a cam driven by high-angle, so that the valve opening depth increases, this is the easiest VTEC System Works. When Honda the previous improvements VTEC system, did not this work too many adjustments and changes, improvements for the first time can be regarded as a low-level of improvement, the two intake valves per cylinder can occur one and a half to open a full or two of full actuation effect, which is considered from the fuel economy VTEC-E system, but the first to be equipped with the system is the F-series engine. To the the K20A era Integra Type-R (DC5) and CR-V, the second VTEC system evolution, Honda K series engine joined the VTC system for changes in the camshaft drive end, in order to achieve the valve change the function of the timing, but the i-VTEC commonly known as the black top and red top models are totally different in the layout of the gas distribution, the former only the intake camshaft with VTEC system, while the red roof intake and exhaust valve lift possess changes in the system.

On the left, then is the new VTEC system layout, and there is a world of difference in the past. The image on the right is to drive stepless change gear actuating drive device.
Review of some VTEC changes history, begin to introduce AVTEC idea, as mentioned above, the last VTEC systems are on the camshaft and valve between the rocker arm to do the work, through the hydraulic drive embolism to switch or high or low cam intervention, but AVTEC is not the same, its complex valve rocker the structure is greatly simplified, in the new system, the function has become relatively single rocker, rocker interior nor any embolic device. As shown in the following representation, Honda engineers originally complex rocker mechanism away, the variable part directly into a similar to the cam sleeve body wrapped in a cam shaft, comprises a can body is independent of the camshaft for rotation, through a simple, thickness is not equal to achieve different speed slider with the different height of the cam engagement, and the slide block thickness changes directly to the rocker arm, thus realizing the valve lift change.

 

BMW N52 engine valve technology structure

When it comes to valve technology, believe on automotive technology or some fans will understand, and TV commercials are often able to see these associated valve technology. For example, nissan consult 3 VVT-i, i-VTEC, CVVT, VVEL and so on, and they are all different. These nouns mean they have different functions, including valve timing variable technology also has a valve timing with variable valve lift technology, such as I-VTEC, VVEL two. But these are just some of the Japanese engine valve technology, as for the European engine and there is what kind of valve technology. BMW series engine, we are one of the most common valve technology is VANOS or BMW variable valve technology. Many of BMW engine has joined the Double-Vanos, is also on the side of the inlet and exhaust side the use of variable valve timing technology. In addition to Vanos technology, another is called Valvetronic technology.

Although the N52 engine equipped with the Valvetronic technology, but also is equipped on the side of the inlet, and the exhaust side is to owe from.
The principle of Valvetronic system and structure is relative to one another such as Honda AVTEC and other similar system is more complex. Valvetronic is used to change the valve lift of the principle is in fact the valve rocker to add an additional intermediate shaft, the intermediate shaft is connected to a computer to control the stepping motor. The shaft has a semicircular rotating eccentric wheel for. In addition, valve rocker arm, join a floating intermediate support arm, cam driven by the intermediate support arm to control valve opening and closing. Change valve lift is through the rotation of the eccentric wheel, push the intermediate arm, changing the intermediate arm position, to control valve opening and closing depth. Thus even in the same kind of camshaft angle, can have a 0-10mm valve lift changes. The valve lift of the changes are based on engine speed, load conditions, automatically and continuously changing valve lift. It has been said, by rotating the eccentric wheel is a stepper motor, stepper motor through a worm on the structure to control the rotation of the eccentric shaft, via a computer controlled stepper motor actuation speed is very fast. Valve lift from the shallow to deep need only 0.3 seconds. It is in the blink of an eye can complete the valve lift of the increase or decrease of the process.

The ValveTronic system work process sketch map, A diagram schematic is not actuated state, the valve chamber to maintain normal lift, when the intake air amount is less, while the B diagram schematic of the eccentric rotation to the intermediate portion, a middle supporting arm slightly, then the valve lift is slightly increased, but no to the limits of the depth, C diagram schematic is an eccentric wheel complete actuation, the valve lift to reach the maximum level, intake air amount to get bigger promotion.
Stepless and continuous valve lift change is undoubtedly one of the great advantages of this system. Continuously variable valve lift can, for the power of the engine has a great help, lift is bigger, to enter the cylinder mixed gas is more, natural power output can be more robust. And with respect to a prior to the VTEC system, and does not use different lift cam to change the valve opening depth, so the power is not a level to rise, but relatively high linear to go. In addition to the power, oil consumption control aspect also has certain advantages, when idling or low speed running time, Valvetronic will automatically control valve lift decreases, achieved with less oil to drive the vehicle, achieve the purpose of saving oil. However, there are excellent natural degradation. There will always be above disadvantages, have referred to, rocker arm and cam are not directly connected together, but by a floating intermediate support arm, a middle supporting arm through a return spring fixed position. This design biggest bane is less rigid, although return spring specially crafted, but spring, there will always be fatigue phenomenon, especially at high engine rotates, cam shaft driving the increase in the number of natural springs, activity number increases, the metal fatigue may increase a lot. But in turn, if the return spring fatigue, then the consequences would be unbearable to contemplate. It actually can be determined, why in all M series engine, Valvetronic systems will invariably absent.

The dismantling Ares heart: VR38DETT

GTR seems to have become an eternal topic refit sector, and even the brand new CBAR35 launch, even the domestic media has always been on the high-performance cars is not too cold to try it out. We have reported many GT-R BNR32 has been to R35, and emotional intelligence is the industry's big brother figure to help us unique in both first-generation and second-generation models, the outcome still too early to but in the minds of many fans, GT-R seems to have really has become a God. See some of the country's media have also tested the left-hand drive GTR In fairness, the article is very good, but the readers comments pages pulled back really dumbfounding out what Japanese cars do not sully Porsche ; small Japanese repairer you? Like sound is heard. Chinese fans need rational basis of our car culture is inherently superficial clamor even pretend to understand, it is a rational attitude toward research? I believe that many people are not clamoring so driving over the new GT-R, of course, not to mention the contrast together this trolley with the 997 Turbo, F430, etc.. If you truly feel the power of psychological defense believe that 90% of people will be destroyed!